Professor José Cunha-Vaz, a member of the European Consortium for the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy (EUROCONDOR), contributed to a study evaluating the utility of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in identifying and monitoring retinal neurodysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that subjects who experienced progression of neurodysfunction after a 2-year period exhibited significantly higher serum levels of GFAP at baseline. This study suggests the potential of GFAP as a useful serum biomarker for retinal neurodysfunction.